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Pavel’s travel diary

Look at the map of the British Isles. You can see them in the north-west of mother Europe. Do you know the name of the two largest islands? This is Great Britain and Ireland. In addition, there are more than five hundred small islands. Together they are the social United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Britain for short. This is where I came some time ago.

As Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel, I had three options: take a plane or cross it by ferry or train through the Channel Tunnel. I chose the longest and most popular way to travel and here I was landing at Gatwick Airport, 43 kilometers south of London (as the leaflet I picked up on the info page said).

I couldn’t believe my eyes: pretty good scenery and 2000 years old

stories were waiting for me to explore. Admittedly, that’s easy to say

than done, after that this island state consists of four lands: England, Wales, Scotland,

land and Northern Ireland. My first destination was England, as it is

the largest and most densely populated of the four. I already bought the postcards

quite famous natural attractions such as the rivers Thames and Mersey,

the southeastern coast, sandy or muddy, with chalk cliffs in places.

The Pennines run down England almost like a ridge, and the Lake District,

Of course.

To the west of England is Wales. With its own charm, it is home to Mount Snowdon, over 1,000m high, the capital Cardiff, leeks, daffodils and the red dragon as the national symbol of the Welsh country. I can’t wait to visit Wales!

If I get a chance to go to the north of England, I’ll end up in Scotland.

land sometime and enjoy the highlands and lowlands, many beautiful

rivers and lakes (called lakes), the legendary thistle and heather covering

mountain slopes Maybe I’ll finally solve the mystery of the Loch Ness Monster! Hooray! And last but not least — Northern Ireland. The nearest point is only 21 km from Scotland. It is separated from Great Britain by the Irish Sea. It has a border in the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. At its center lies Loch Ney, the UK’s largest freshwater lake. The whole island is famous for its

a beautiful, green area, which is why it is sometimes called Emerald

Island.

I can’t wait to see it all!

A few more facts about Great Britain

You probably know that the official or political name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. However, in the United Nations and the European Parliament, it is usually known by its shorter name: United Kingdom or the abbreviation Great Britain.

We often refer to the country as Britain. In addition, there is also a poetic name for the country, Albion. The geographical name of the country is the British Isles, because the country occupies islands called the British Isles. For this reason, it has a single land border with Ireland and a sea border with France.

Like all other countries, Great Britain has its own symbol — the flag. It is called the Union Flag and also the Union Jack. You may ask me why this name? Then you should know that in 1603, King James I (or Jack for short) of England united England and Scotland. Then in 1801 there was a union with Ireland. Now the flag combines elements of three countries (England, Scotland and Northern Ireland) united under one nation. Wales not represented in flag, because at the time of the appearance of the flag in 1606, Wales was already united with England.

Look at the Union Jack. It is a combination of the three crosses of the country’s three patron saints: the red cross of St. George for England on a white background; white diagonal cross of St. Patrick of Ireland on a white background.

As for the national coat of arms of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, it shows the union of its four parts.

There are emblems for each part of Great Britain: the emblem of England (three lions on a red background), the emblem of Scotland (a red lion on a yellow background), the emblem of Wales (St David and a daffodil) and the coat of arms of Northern Ireland (a yellow harp on a blue background).

Two emblems of English lions symbolize the leading role of English.

land in this union. The shield is supported by two mythical animals: Eng.

only a lion and a Scottish unicorn. The emblem is crowned with a crown

lion, a symbol of power and might. Also, below the emblem, there

these are the four floral symbols of the four parts of the country. Do you know them? It is a red rose for England, a wild plant called Thistle for Scotland, a vegetable called leek for Wales and another wild plant called Shamrock for Northern Ireland. In conclusion, I would name the historical colors of parts of Great Britain: England — white; Scotland — Blue; Wales — Red; Northern Ireland — Green.

Sports teams of nations wear these colors.

1.What is the official name of Great Britain now? 2.What parts does the UK consist of and what are their capitals? 3.What is the national symbol (emblem) of England (Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland)? 4.What is the British flag called? Why? 5.What are the names of two main islands of the British Isles? 6.What separates Great Britain from the continent? 7.What do we call the narrowest part of the English Channel? 8.Why is the UK called an island state? 9.What do we call people who were born in Britain? In Scotland? In Wales? In Ireland? 10.Is English the only language people speak in the UK? 11.What is the Union Jack? What does the Union Jack look like and what does it symbolize? 12.What language is spoken in Scotland? In Wales? In Ireland? 13.How big is London compared with other cities?

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THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND

The british isles is a group of island not far from the north coast of the main eropean continental. you can see the main islands of the british isles in the pictyre. the two lardest islands are called great britain and ireland? and ther are also about six thousand smaller islan as well. ther are three countries on the largest island, great britain, england? scotland and wales.these 3 countries have separate parlaments, although they are a part of the same state? the uniyed kindom. the UK actually consist of 4 countries: england, scotland, wales and northern ireland.

Countries within a Country

The official name of Great Britain is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But it is often called in many ways. It can be called the United Kingdom, or the British Isles, or Great Britain. But what are the British Isles? And what is the difference between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? Why is England or the UK sometimes called Britain? The name United Kingdom refers to the union ofwhat were once four separate countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland (though most of Ireland is now independent).The different history of England, Scotland and Wales has led to very different cultural traditions; The Scots and Welsh have right to feel angry when the term «English» is used wrongly, to mean all three.Scotland was a totally separate country from England, but in 1707 England and Scotland were united as one country. Since 1997, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have had their own parliaments.

The second largest island in the British Isles is called Ireland. The native language of Ireland is Eire. This is where the name Ireland comes from. Ireland is divided into 2 countries. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is now completely separate from the United Kingdom, but a small area in the North of Ireland is still a part of the UK. That is why the full title of the UK is «The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.»

Many of the countries in the British Isles have their own languages, absolutely unrelated to English. In many cases native languages are spoken by only a small number of people, but in Wales the Welsh language is still the first language. In some parts of North Wales English is learned as a foreign language! Some of the islands in the British Isles, such as the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, have their own laws, taxation and government. They also have their own flags and are politically separate from the UK and the Republic of Ireland.

текст 2 WHY LEARN ENGLISH? ENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD

Approximately 375 million people in the world speak English as their first language. By number of native speakers it is the largest language after Mandarin Chinese. However, when combining native and non-native speakers, English is the most commonly spoken language in the world. It is claimed that non-native speakers now outnumber native speakers by a ratio of three to one. Modern English is sometimes called the first world language. Why is it so? The answers are:

1. Now English is the international language in communications, science, business, aviation, entertainment, radio and diplomacy.

2. Most pages on the Internet are in English. Over 95 per cent of scientific articles are written in English.

3.You can travel more easily because English is spoken in more than 100 countries.

4. Nowadays, English is commonly required for many jobs. Knowledge of English may help you to get the job you wanted!

5. About one and a half billion people around the world speak English and another billion people are learning it.

Geographical Position of Great Britain

“Great Britain” has several different names. Some people say “Britain”, or “the United Kingdom”, or just “UK”. The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The UK is situated to the north-west off Europe on the British Isles. They consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and many smaller ones. Great Britain is separated from Ireland by the Irish Sea and from the Continent of Europe by the English Channel. There are four different countries in the UK: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Everyone from Britain is British, but only people from England are English. People from Scotland are Scottish, people from Wales are Welsh, and people from Northern Ireland are Irish.

The climate of Britain is mild and warm because of the warm waters of the Gulf Stream. The winter is not very cold and the summer is not very hot.

Most of the mountains are in the north, in Scotland, but they are not very high. The highest mountain in the UK is Ben Nevis in Scotland.

There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river. It is in the south-west of England. The Thames is not so long as the Severn, it is shorter.

Over 57 million people live in the UK. Most of them live in big towns and cities.

London is the capital of the country. It stands on the river Thames. The most important industrial cities are Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield, Birmingham and others. Cambridge and Oxford are famous university cities.

Ответьте на вопросы:

1) Where is the United Kingdom situated?

2) What parts does the country consist of?

3) What is the official name of the State?

4) What is the climate of Great Britain like?

5) Are there many rivers in Britain?

6) What is the population of the country?

7) Where do most people live?

What are the industrial centres of Great Britain?

как читать русскими буквами.
England is the biggest part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. There are four countries in the UK — England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west.
England got its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. In Old English the word Anglaland meant «land of the Angles».
→ England’s population is about 51 million, around 84% of the
population of the UK.London is the capital of England and the UK. It’s also the
largest city in Europe.
→ The national flag of England, known as St George’s8 Cross, has been the national flag since the 13th century. In 1606, the St George Cross became part of the Union Jack, the flag of the United Kingdom.
The patron saint of England is St George and the National Day of England is St George’s Day, on 23 April.
The national symbol of England is the Tudor rose, also known as the Rose of England.
The most famous English universities are Oxford and Cambridge.
The most popular sport in England is football, followed by cricket, rugby, tennis, badminton, squash and many others.
Some famous English writers are William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Agatha Christie, J.R.R. Tolkien and many others.
There are a lot of famous singers from England: John Lennon, Paul McCartney, David Bowie, Robbie Williams, Mick Jagger, Elton John, to name just a few.
→ Well-known English actors are Rowan Atkinson, Daniel Craig, Jude Law, Clive Owen, Michael Caine, etc.

Write down 10 words or word combinations, covering the theme “Great Britain”.

II.Fill in the proper preposition:

1)Westminster is the aristocratic part … London

2) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated …British Isles.

3)Snow falls …all areas …the country

4)The United Kingdom of Great Britain consists …4 parts.

5)…practice the queen doesn’t rule the country.

III.Fill in the missed word or word combination:

a)The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of ………influence

the climate of ….

b)Kazakhstan is the largest country in the….

c)The… … is an industrial part of London.

d)St. Paul’s Cathedral was built by … …

e)Prof. Konchalovskiy considers that a man may be a poor writer or a painter but a man must not be a … …

IV.True or false?

a)It will be easy to diagnose a disease.

b)Trafalgar square is situated in the Westminster part of London.

c)One of the chief industries of Great Britain is electronics.

d)The climate of Great Britain is mild the whole year round.

e)The national flag of Kazakhstan is of a light yellow colour.

V.Answer the questions:

a)What are the words of Hippocrates Oath?

b)What is the climate of Kazakhstan?

c)Where is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland situated?

d)What does the national flag of Kazakhstan consist of?

e)What is the capital of Wales?

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THE UK 

The UK is the shortened word of the UnitedKingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales and Northern Ireland. Although Britain is a unitary state, the countries of in have separate national identities, variations in culture and tradition. 

England is predominantly a lowland country, with the Pennine Chain, the Cumbrian mountains and the Yorkshire moorlands in the north. Wales is a country of hills and mountains. Britain’s highest mountain, Ben Nevis (1,343 Hi i 106 ft) is in the central highlands of Scotland. Northern Ireland is at its nearist point only 21 km (13 miles) from Scotland. 

Britain has frequent weather changes through the seasonal cycle of winter, spring, summer and autumn. Rainfall is fairly well distributed throughout the year. 

People in the four lands of Britain come from ancient sources: 

The ancient Celtic people who inhabited western and central Europe; 

The Angles, Saxons and Jutes — Germanic people who came to Britain from the third centure.
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1 There are one official language in Britain.

2 Buckingham Palace have got more than 200

bedrooms.

3 About 875 000 people can to speak Welsh.

4 The UK’s highest mountain are in Scotland.

5 There’s 8.6 million people in London.

6 England, Scotland and Wales has got national

football teams.

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лист на тему 1. Imagine that you have visited the UK this month. Write a letter to your friend in which tell what you’ve got to know about this country. What do you know about the geographical position of Great Britain? What is the climate of Great Britain? How does it differ from Ukrainian one? What do you know about spare time of British youth? ​

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5. Read the text below. For each of the empty spaces (1—10) choose the  correct answers (A, B, C or D). Say what English dishes you like most.

English Cuisine

Traditional English cuisine … usually …(1) as conservative and un- varied. But national cuisine in Britain …(2) greatly by other national  cuisines in recent decades. We can find types of food from all the  corners of the world because of the people who come to Britain from  all over the world and bring with them their recipes, culinary secrets  and food. Italian, French, Chinese, Mexican, Greek, Indonesian and  other national restaurants …(3) in Britain. As for traditional British cuisine the English usually have four  meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner and sometimes supper. In the morning they can have the full “English breakfast” or the  “continental breakfast”. The full “English breakfast” …(4) of corn- flakes with milk and sugar, cheese or sausages, omelettes often with  bacon, sausages or cheese, porridge (cereal), toast with marmalade,  tea, coffee or orange juice. This classic English breakfast is rather substantial and as you see  it includes not only porridge though cereals are very important in the  national menu and are often cooked for breakfast. The “continental breakfast” consists …(5) a cup of tea or coffee  with toast. It is not a substantial breakfast.Between 12 and 14 o’clock the English have lunch. Many people who work find it difficult to come home for lunch. So, they go to cafés, coffee bars, sandwich bars, restaurants, fast-food restaurants to have lunch. As a rule, lunch consists of sandwiches as it is a fast meal for many Englishmen. The English can choose all sorts of sand- wiches, such as sandwiches with meat, chicken, ham, bacon, cheese, fish, prawns, eggs, vegetables and lettuce. By the way, sandwiches with different fillings are a traditional British snack. They also can have steak, roast beef, pudding, fish and chips, potatoes and salad or fruit. Afternoon tea …(6) at about 5 o’clock. It is a traditional light meal after work. People enjoy their tea with biscuits, cakes, freshly baked sweet buns, scones and other pastries. The British drink tea with and without sugar, with lemon, ginger, cinnamon, honey or milk. It is im- possible to imagine the British cuisine without tea. The English have it 6 or 8 times a day, sometimes even more. It is their national drink. Dinner is the most substantial meal of the whole day and is taken at 7 o’clock. For dinner the British often have soup though it is not very popular in Britain. As the main course they have poultry, fish or meat with vegetables or mashed potatoes, roast chicken, turkey or lamb. They also can have the most well-known roast beef with grilled vegetables, roast potatoes or Yorkshire pudding. For dessert they …(7) pudding with ice cream or jam, a fruit pie, or cheese with biscuits. Supper in Britain is the last meal of the day and …(8) at 11 o’clock in the evening. It consists of just a cup of tea or coffee, a bowl of cream soup, cheese or fruit. But very often it is skipped. Of course, some dishes of the British cuisine are special. They are the famous shepherd’s pie, Cornish pasty, Scotch eggs, fish and chips. The famous shepherd’s pie is a potato casserole with minced beef. The Cornish pasty is a layered pie with meat, onion, potatoes, carrots and spices. The Scotch eggs, called picnic eggs, are common …(9) eggsthat are wrapped in minced sausages and breading and then fried or baked. The dish “fish and chips” consists of …(10) chops from fish and French fries. On Christmas Day a roast turkey is traditionally cooked for din- ner. It is served with vegetables like roast potatoes, carrots, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, peas, roast onions and other trimmings. And it is usually followed by Christmas pudding. As Great Britain is an island surrounded by some of the richest fishing areas of the world, fish is very important for the Englishmen, too. The English consider their cuisine the best in the world and are really proud of it.