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who is the of the state in Britain

Срочно краткий пересказ текста The land and people of great britain прооошшшуууу

The United 

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies 

most of the territory of the British Isles. It consists of four

 main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 

London is the capital of England, Edinburgh is the capital of 

Scotland, Cardiff— of Wales and Belfast — of Northern Ireland. 

The UK is a small country with an area of some 244,100 square 

kilometres. It occupies only 0.2 per cent of the world’s land 

surface. It is washed by the Atlantic 

Ocean in the north-west, north and south-west and separated from 

Europe by the North Sea in the east and by the English Channel 

in the south. The Strait of Dover or Pas de Calais is the 

narrowest part of the Channel. The North Sea and the English 

Channel are often called «the narrow seas»; they are not deep 

but are frequently rough.

In the west the 

Irish Sea and the North Channel separate the UK from Ireland. 

The seas around Britain provide exceptionally good fishing 

grounds. The country has many bays favourable for shipping. In 

their shelter are Britain’s main ports such as London, 

Liverpool, Glasgow, Hull and others.

One will not find 

very high mountains or large plains in Great Britain. Everything 

occupies very little place. Nature, it seems, has carefully 

adapted things to the size of the island itself. The highest 

mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland, 4,406 feet high. The longest 

river is the Severn in England.

The population of 

the United Kingdom is over 57 million people. Foreigners often 

call British people «English», but the Scots, the Irish and the 

Welsh do not consider themselves to be English. The English are 

Anglo-Saxon in origin, but the Welsh, the Scots and the Irish

 are Celts, descendants of the ancient people, who crossed over 

from Europe centuries before the Norman Invasion. It was this 

people, whom the Germanic Angles and Saxons conquered in the 5th 

and 6th centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors gave England its 

name — «Angle» land. They were 

conquered in their turn by the Norman French, when William the 

Conqueror of Normandy landed near Hastings in 1066. It was from 

the union of Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons 

that the English people and the English language were born.

The official 

language of the United Kingdom is English. But in western 

Scotland some people still speak Gaelic and in northern and 

central parts of Wales people often speak Welsh.

The UK is a 

highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the 

worlds largest producers and exporters of machinery, 

electronics» textile» aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of 

the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

The UK is a 

constitutional monarchy. In law, Head of the State is Queen. In 

practice, the country is ruled by the elected government with 

the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists 

of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

There are three 

main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the 

Conservative and the Liberal parties.

The flag of the 

United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three 

crosses. The big red cross is the cross of Saint George, the 

patron saint of England. The white cross is the cross of Saint 

Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. 

The red diagonal cross is the cross of Saint Patrick, the patron 

saint of Ireland.

The Houses of Parliament, also known as the Palace of Westminster, is located in London, England. It is one of the most recognizable buildings in the world and it’s been the home of the British government for centuries. The Houses of Parliament features the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

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Pavel’s travel diary

Look at the map of the British Isles. You can see them in the north-west of mother Europe. Do you know the name of the two largest islands? This is Great Britain and Ireland. In addition, there are more than five hundred small islands. Together they are the social United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Britain for short. This is where I came some time ago.

As Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel, I had three options: take a plane or cross it by ferry or train through the Channel Tunnel. I chose the longest and most popular way to travel and here I was landing at Gatwick Airport, 43 kilometers south of London (as the leaflet I picked up on the info page said).

I couldn’t believe my eyes: pretty good scenery and 2000 years old

stories were waiting for me to explore. Admittedly, that’s easy to say

than done, after that this island state consists of four lands: England, Wales, Scotland,

land and Northern Ireland. My first destination was England, as it is

the largest and most densely populated of the four. I already bought the postcards

quite famous natural attractions such as the rivers Thames and Mersey,

the southeastern coast, sandy or muddy, with chalk cliffs in places.

The Pennines run down England almost like a ridge, and the Lake District,

Of course.

To the west of England is Wales. With its own charm, it is home to Mount Snowdon, over 1,000m high, the capital Cardiff, leeks, daffodils and the red dragon as the national symbol of the Welsh country. I can’t wait to visit Wales!

If I get a chance to go to the north of England, I’ll end up in Scotland.

land sometime and enjoy the highlands and lowlands, many beautiful

rivers and lakes (called lakes), the legendary thistle and heather covering

mountain slopes Maybe I’ll finally solve the mystery of the Loch Ness Monster! Hooray! And last but not least — Northern Ireland. The nearest point is only 21 km from Scotland. It is separated from Great Britain by the Irish Sea. It has a border in the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. At its center lies Loch Ney, the UK’s largest freshwater lake. The whole island is famous for its

a beautiful, green area, which is why it is sometimes called Emerald

Island.

I can’t wait to see it all!

A few more facts about Great Britain

You probably know that the official or political name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. However, in the United Nations and the European Parliament, it is usually known by its shorter name: United Kingdom or the abbreviation Great Britain.

We often refer to the country as Britain. In addition, there is also a poetic name for the country, Albion. The geographical name of the country is the British Isles, because the country occupies islands called the British Isles. For this reason, it has a single land border with Ireland and a sea border with France.

Like all other countries, Great Britain has its own symbol — the flag. It is called the Union Flag and also the Union Jack. You may ask me why this name? Then you should know that in 1603, King James I (or Jack for short) of England united England and Scotland. Then in 1801 there was a union with Ireland. Now the flag combines elements of three countries (England, Scotland and Northern Ireland) united under one nation. Wales not represented in flag, because at the time of the appearance of the flag in 1606, Wales was already united with England.

Look at the Union Jack. It is a combination of the three crosses of the country’s three patron saints: the red cross of St. George for England on a white background; white diagonal cross of St. Patrick of Ireland on a white background.

As for the national coat of arms of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, it shows the union of its four parts.

There are emblems for each part of Great Britain: the emblem of England (three lions on a red background), the emblem of Scotland (a red lion on a yellow background), the emblem of Wales (St David and a daffodil) and the coat of arms of Northern Ireland (a yellow harp on a blue background).

Two emblems of English lions symbolize the leading role of English.

land in this union. The shield is supported by two mythical animals: Eng.

only a lion and a Scottish unicorn. The emblem is crowned with a crown

lion, a symbol of power and might. Also, below the emblem, there

these are the four floral symbols of the four parts of the country. Do you know them? It is a red rose for England, a wild plant called Thistle for Scotland, a vegetable called leek for Wales and another wild plant called Shamrock for Northern Ireland. In conclusion, I would name the historical colors of parts of Great Britain: England — white; Scotland — Blue; Wales — Red; Northern Ireland — Green.

Sports teams of nations wear these colors.

1.What is the official name of Great Britain now? 2.What parts does the UK consist of and what are their capitals? 3.What is the national symbol (emblem) of England (Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland)? 4.What is the British flag called? Why? 5.What are the names of two main islands of the British Isles? 6.What separates Great Britain from the continent? 7.What do we call the narrowest part of the English Channel? 8.Why is the UK called an island state? 9.What do we call people who were born in Britain? In Scotland? In Wales? In Ireland? 10.Is English the only language people speak in the UK? 11.What is the Union Jack? What does the Union Jack look like and what does it symbolize? 12.What language is spoken in Scotland? In Wales? In Ireland? 13.How big is London compared with other cities?

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Which three of these concepts are a part of the UK political system?

1) House of Lords

2) House of commons

3) Prime Minister

4) House of Representatives

5) Director of FBI

6)Congress

The prime ___ is the leader of the government in countries such as Britain.
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Geographical Position of Great Britain

“Great Britain” has several different names. Some people say “Britain”, or “the United Kingdom”, or just “UK”. The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The UK is situated to the north-west off Europe on the British Isles. They consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and many smaller ones. Great Britain is separated from Ireland by the Irish Sea and from the Continent of Europe by the English Channel. There are four different countries in the UK: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Everyone from Britain is British, but only people from England are English. People from Scotland are Scottish, people from Wales are Welsh, and people from Northern Ireland are Irish.

The climate of Britain is mild and warm because of the warm waters of the Gulf Stream. The winter is not very cold and the summer is not very hot.

Most of the mountains are in the north, in Scotland, but they are not very high. The highest mountain in the UK is Ben Nevis in Scotland.

There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river. It is in the south-west of England. The Thames is not so long as the Severn, it is shorter.

Over 57 million people live in the UK. Most of them live in big towns and cities.

London is the capital of the country. It stands on the river Thames. The most important industrial cities are Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield, Birmingham and others. Cambridge and Oxford are famous university cities.

Ответьте на вопросы:

1) Where is the United Kingdom situated?

2) What parts does the country consist of?

3) What is the official name of the State?

4) What is the climate of Great Britain like?

5) Are there many rivers in Britain?

6) What is the population of the country?

7) Where do most people live?

What are the industrial centres of Great Britain?

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5. Read the text below. For each of the empty spaces (1—10) choose the  correct answers (A, B, C or D). Say what English dishes you like most.

English Cuisine

Traditional English cuisine … usually …(1) as conservative and un- varied. But national cuisine in Britain …(2) greatly by other national  cuisines in recent decades. We can find types of food from all the  corners of the world because of the people who come to Britain from  all over the world and bring with them their recipes, culinary secrets  and food. Italian, French, Chinese, Mexican, Greek, Indonesian and  other national restaurants …(3) in Britain. As for traditional British cuisine the English usually have four  meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner and sometimes supper. In the morning they can have the full “English breakfast” or the  “continental breakfast”. The full “English breakfast” …(4) of corn- flakes with milk and sugar, cheese or sausages, omelettes often with  bacon, sausages or cheese, porridge (cereal), toast with marmalade,  tea, coffee or orange juice. This classic English breakfast is rather substantial and as you see  it includes not only porridge though cereals are very important in the  national menu and are often cooked for breakfast. The “continental breakfast” consists …(5) a cup of tea or coffee  with toast. It is not a substantial breakfast.Between 12 and 14 o’clock the English have lunch. Many people who work find it difficult to come home for lunch. So, they go to cafés, coffee bars, sandwich bars, restaurants, fast-food restaurants to have lunch. As a rule, lunch consists of sandwiches as it is a fast meal for many Englishmen. The English can choose all sorts of sand- wiches, such as sandwiches with meat, chicken, ham, bacon, cheese, fish, prawns, eggs, vegetables and lettuce. By the way, sandwiches with different fillings are a traditional British snack. They also can have steak, roast beef, pudding, fish and chips, potatoes and salad or fruit. Afternoon tea …(6) at about 5 o’clock. It is a traditional light meal after work. People enjoy their tea with biscuits, cakes, freshly baked sweet buns, scones and other pastries. The British drink tea with and without sugar, with lemon, ginger, cinnamon, honey or milk. It is im- possible to imagine the British cuisine without tea. The English have it 6 or 8 times a day, sometimes even more. It is their national drink. Dinner is the most substantial meal of the whole day and is taken at 7 o’clock. For dinner the British often have soup though it is not very popular in Britain. As the main course they have poultry, fish or meat with vegetables or mashed potatoes, roast chicken, turkey or lamb. They also can have the most well-known roast beef with grilled vegetables, roast potatoes or Yorkshire pudding. For dessert they …(7) pudding with ice cream or jam, a fruit pie, or cheese with biscuits. Supper in Britain is the last meal of the day and …(8) at 11 o’clock in the evening. It consists of just a cup of tea or coffee, a bowl of cream soup, cheese or fruit. But very often it is skipped. Of course, some dishes of the British cuisine are special. They are the famous shepherd’s pie, Cornish pasty, Scotch eggs, fish and chips. The famous shepherd’s pie is a potato casserole with minced beef. The Cornish pasty is a layered pie with meat, onion, potatoes, carrots and spices. The Scotch eggs, called picnic eggs, are common …(9) eggsthat are wrapped in minced sausages and breading and then fried or baked. The dish “fish and chips” consists of …(10) chops from fish and French fries. On Christmas Day a roast turkey is traditionally cooked for din- ner. It is served with vegetables like roast potatoes, carrots, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, peas, roast onions and other trimmings. And it is usually followed by Christmas pudding. As Great Britain is an island surrounded by some of the richest fishing areas of the world, fish is very important for the Englishmen, too. The English consider their cuisine the best in the world and are really proud of it.

1 There are one official language in Britain.

2 Buckingham Palace have got more than 200

bedrooms.

3 About 875 000 people can to speak Welsh.

4 The UK’s highest mountain are in Scotland.

5 There’s 8.6 million people in London.

6 England, Scotland and Wales has got national

football teams.

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